Child Child Development And Crime - 2388 Words

Child Development and Crime Imagine you are part of a daycare. It is recess. You see kids running and playing with each other, dogs barking for attention, and some parents taking photos to capture the peaceful moment in time. You then notice a little boy sitting alone, far from the other children. He has bruises on his face and worn out clothing, just like every other day. His expression, always devoid of joy, is filled with fear and tears. And then you realize why- he is being abused. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, approximately 5 children die each day from child abuse (Child Maltreatment 2012). Those who survive till adulthood have been severely impacted both emotionally and psychologically. It is in human nature to be judgmental, and an abused child that grows with an extreme perspective on life as a result of poor guidance increases their chances of leading the path of crime. Even if the abused child does not become a criminal, the damage has already been done, and w ill stay with them forever. One of the causes of crime has largely to do with past conflicts of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. However, before discussing the link between child abuse and crime, child development must be defined and understood. As adolescents grow older, they undergo a process identified as child development. Child development observes the physical and mental progressions from infancy to the end of adolescence. It is a long-term processShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Exposure On Early Child Behavior1732 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior. The study conducted on the impact of exposure to community violence on early child behavior problems confirm the idea that children even raised in harsh or poor environments, is not a valid reason as to why these children are committing these violent crimes. In the study it was found that the link between community violence and problematic behavior during the early years of child development is still an unknown problem to confi rm a direct linkage to a child’s behavior (Linares 639). IRead MoreWk 6 Assignment 2 CIS Essays1372 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 2: Digital Crime Theories Assignment Angela Marshall Professor Christopher Young Strayer University/Information Technology in Crime February 14, 2015 Select two (2) of the theories, suggested in Chapter 3 of the text that a researcher could use to explain the cause of digital crime. Provide a rationale to support your response. Theories Explaining the Cause of Digital Crime Moral Development Moral Development: is a sequential stage in moral reasoning that individuals passRead MoreWhat Are The Factors Which Makes A Child Criminal?1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe word deviance means behaviors that violate social norms, and this can include crime. The topical question that I want to explore is, â€Å"What are the factors which makes a child criminal?† Article 1 Violence, Crime, and Abuse Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth The importance of this article is the fact that it proved, when children are exposed to violence, crime and abuse as it affects their development and the policymakers need to pay special attention to this situation. The objectivesRead MoreRisk factors are centered around parents and caregivers, who is a child’s first form off insight on600 Words   |  3 Pageswhich puts a child at a much higher risk to experience some form of abuse. This concept is prevalent throughout Jorja Leap’s book â€Å"Jumped in.† Many of the people who joined the gang life resorted to the hood because their parents were either incarcerated, too drugged out, or dead. This is a form of abuse and this emotional trauma leads the children to turn to find another form of family, which is the â€Å"hood.† Community violence is usually a negative result that comes from some form of child abuse at aRead MoreTda 2.11012 Words   |  5 PagesTDA 2.1 1.2 A child’s development are all interconnected. Different aspects of development can affect one another. Development is holistic, which means one area of development interlinks with another. If a a childs speech is not as developed as its peers due to a physical disability they will not be able to communicate effectively with other children or adults. This could affect their emotional development as they may feel their opinion and needs are not being met due to their failure toRead MoreThe Death Of A Pregnant Woman1192 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to executing crimes against a pregnant woman, many believe that there should be proof beyond a reasonable doubt that a member of the Homo sapiens, existed and was carried in the womb before and at the time of the attack. They also believe that there should be proof that the defendant acted with the criminal malice toward the victim of violence, which pertain to at least one of the federal laws in regards to the different crimes of violence. As well as, verify that the actions carriedRead MoreThe Children Of Prison Inmates Ending Up Wi thin A Penitentiary Prison1612 Words   |  7 Pageshow much of an emotional toll is actually put fourth on to the children of these inmates. Another very big concern I will be going over is that if these children do end up turning to crime, what percentage of children with parents in jail actually turn to it and do their parents ever encourage or try to discourage crime through their children. Some of the criminological theories that I will be discussing include Social Learning Theory, Social Disorganized Theory, and Social Strain Theory. The firstRead MoreCrime and Intelligence Essay examples1579 Words   |  7 Pageslevel really affects their probability of committing a crime and if lack of intelligence increases criminal behavior throughout a person’s life.† Some believe that IQ is a more important variable than race, social or economical class in foretelling criminal behavior. The theory of crime being linked to a person’s intelligence says that if IQ does not affect the probability of crime, it can have a chain reaction. Academic incompetence as a child is the stressor for many adult criminals; children withRead MoreCyp 3.6/Cu1523 – Working Together for the Benefit of Children and Young People1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthe importance of multi agency working and integrated working ------------------------------------------------- As an early years setting I have a responsibility to help the children in my care achieve the 5 outcomes of the UK Governments Every Child Matters (ECM) – Be Healthy, Stay Safe, Enjoy amp; Achieve, Make a positive contribution and Achieve economic well-being. Whilst we as practitioners do everything we can to achieve this it is important that we contact and utilise other professionalsRead MoreScrutinizing Child Externalizing Behavioral Problems725 Words   |  3 PagesPeer Relationships and Childrens Externalizing Behavior: a Longitudinal Perspective on Risk and Resilience. Child Development, 73(4), 1220-1237. 2 Bruce, F; Holloway; Susan D.; and Xiaoyan, L.(1996). Family Selection of Child-Care Centers: The Influence of Household Support, Ethnicity, and Parental Practices, Child Development, 67(1996), 3320-3337. 2 Hawkins, D. (1996). Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories, Cambridge University. 3 McCord, J. (1991), Family Relationships, Juvenile Delinquency

The Political Economy Of The Canadian Workers ...

The Book Its Author: â€Å"The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada† is a printed 268 page book written by Dr. Bob Barnetson, who is an assistance professor of labor relations at Athabasca University in Alberta, Canada. The book was published in 2010 by AU Press in Edmonton, Alberta. The author worked for the Alberta Labor Relations Board, the Alberta Workers’ Compensation Board, and for the Alberta government before beginning his tenure with Athabasca University. The purpose of the book is to critically and candidly explore the way in which the Canadian government prevents workplace injuries and handles workers compensation for workplace injury; who exactly benefits from the current system; and in what ways they benefit. The Content: This book takes the reader on a logical and chronological journey of the Canadian workers’ compensation system, beginning with an analysis of the Canadian government’s current injury-prevention efforts, then describing the historical development of Occupational Health Safety within Canada, further taking a deeper dive into the specifics of workers’ compensation including benefit entitlements and limiting power, and concludes with a challenge to the reader to critically examine the current state of workers’ compensation in Canada. The purpose of the book, to open the reader’s eyes to the actualities of worker’s compensation, is achieved by supporting the author’s opinion with real life examples. Chapter 1 discusses the overallShow MoreRelatedUnions Must Pay More Wages1431 Words   |  6 Pagescompensate workers far less and therefore charge less per unit of production. We re no longer in a national economy; we re in a global economy. Products and services which could be developed in Canada are now being made at a lower cost in foreign countries for instance, China and India, which have sizeable pools of inexpensive labour. Encumbering Canadian company with an unrealistic and inflexible labour cost per hour effectively makes it impossible for companies to compete. Example, Canadian automakersRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Could Never Have Happened876 Words   |  4 PagesWithout the worker, the industrial revolution could never have happened. Mass immigration supplied the workers, changing technologies threatened them, and the government regulated the balance between the worker and the industry. The time between 1865 and 1900 were hard for many workers, but their strug gle fuelled the industrial revolution in America. Between the years 1865 and 1915, more than twenty-five million immigrants came from south-east Europe. Immigrants came for many reasons, including religiousRead MorePositive And Negative Influences Of Transnational Corporations1664 Words   |  7 Pagesto attention a range of negative effects brought upon states in which transnational corporations do business. Differing environmental standards can also be an issue (elaborate) They can also cause problems with the capabilites of the domestic economy at large. If the TNC is a large employer, and if they decide to import the majority of their supplies from their home country or elsewhere, this can have a negative effect on supply companies and employment in the host country. (SOURCE). Modern commentatorsRead MoreHRMT Chapter 1 notes3179 Words   |  13 PagesStockholders = want return on investment (2) customers = want a high-quality product or service (3) employees = desire interesting work and reasonable compensation (4) community = want company to contribute to activities and projects, and minimize pollution of environment †¢ Human Resource Management (HRM) = policies, practices and systems that influence employees behaviour, attitudes, and performance ââ€" ¦ Refer to Figure 1.1 ââ€" ¦ Practices of HRM include: analyzing and designing work, determiningRead MoreGlobalization and the Decline of the Welfare State1172 Words   |  5 Pagesrelated to the allocation of resources and any conflict will have to occur on that level. This paper will not analyze the responses of the welfare states to the challenges of the 1970 and 1980s but instead will look at the response of the welfare systems in the face of the increasing global integration of product and capital markets and thereafter determine how the conflict begins and ways in which it can be minimized. I will argue that globalization has happened to the expense of the welfare stateRead MoreThe Political Systems Of Countries1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe political systems of countries are in constant progression, accepting new ideologies to reorganize the economy in the best means. The current approach to economic and social studies that has thrived since the 1980s and has made its way to the 21st century in C anada is neoliberalism. This approach favours a minimal state and a free entrepreneurial competitive market. However, the new organization has placed the marginalized, racialized, and gendered groups of people in oppressive and exploitiveRead MoreLeadership Of The Public Sector1442 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementation. The public service is a vital part of the Canadian economy and society, it provides a number of services and programs while providing support in the policy making process. Many of the most popular leadership theories include skill sets that are not necessarily required or paramount to success within the current public service. Many of the most popular theories of leadership are not ideally suited for the public service. Traditionally political scientists would consider public policy by the processesRead MoreThe Canada s Health Care System Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesCanada’s health care system is very interesting in the fact that it is government-funded and individuals are provided preventative care, medical treatments, dental surgery and other medical services with few exceptions. All citizens qualify for health coverage regardless of medical history, personal income or their standard of living. Medicare is Canada is a government funded universal health insurance establi shed by legislation passed in 1957, 1966, and 1984. The Canadian healthcare system evolved, risingRead More Ensuring Freedom by Preserving the Values of Trade Unions Essays3412 Words   |  14 PagesUnited States in now on the verge of a risky experiment: to become the first parliamentary democracy in modern world history without a substantial trade union movement† (Lichtenstein 66). In addition to weakening bargaining power, the judicial system allows workers to resign in the midst of a strike and scab on coworkers. A huge number of professionals and supervisors were even deemed exempt from representation (Lichtenstein 66). Legislation and corporate wealth are eroding the power of organized laborRead MoreThe World s Biggest Financial Regulation Essay1896 Words   |  8 Pagescost in the failure of the dollar and the breakdown of the system shortly after. Today, the U.S. is reaching out to its Asian allies through the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a free trade agreement that aims to lift tariffs and expand trade relationships between nations accounting for 40% of global trade, in hopes of consolidating its security interests in the world s fastest-growing region. It promises American businesses and workers a new level of prosperity by requiring member nations to follow

Impact on wide area network Essay Example For Students

Impact on wide area network Essay PACT OF WIDE AREA NETWORKS ON BUSINESSWhere does one start when discussing the impact of Wide Area Networks (WANs) on business? Its been huge! WANs have created an entirely new segment in the business market and revolutionized many of the current ones. A person could write for days or months about all the impacts and effects WANs have had. This essay will focus on three primary areas to describe the impact of WANs on business. First, some specific types of applications will be discussed and how they can improve day-to-day business operations. WANs enable various communication mediums to exist that significantly improve the speed of business communications. The telephone and e-mail are a couple of examples. WANs also allow various marketing and financial applications to improve business operations. Next, some real world examples will be provided to show the actual impact WANs are having. The travel industry, JCPenney, Varsity Books, and Wal-Mart are just some of literally thousands of companies that have capitalized on the capabilities WANs provide. Finally, the importance of WANs and the benefits they can generate will be discussed. Specifically, the strategic leverage and competitive advantages that can be created and maintained by implementing the use of WANs will be addressed. Before getting into specific business applications, lets quickly review what a wide area network (WAN) is. Ray Hunt and John Vargo define a WAN as, A telecommunication network allowing connection of computers, peripherals, and other devices, such as telephone and fax, that are at a distance from one another (1996, p. 463). WANs extend across geographic boundaries such as streets, cities, states, and even countries, into the public domain where anybody can use them (Hunt Vargo, 2000). By allowing anybody and everybody into the public domain, WANs opened a completely new market for businesses that was previously not available to them. As a result, WANs grew larger and new communication methods and business applications were developed to capitalize on the WAN technology and architecture. The telephone system is an example of a wide area network. Its impact on business, and on most peoples lives in general, is rather obvious. It is one of the primary methods of communication we use today. Other, and relatively newer methods based on WANs include electronic mail (E-mail), voice mail, fax machines, and teleconferences. These applications/technologies have improved business communications by:1) Reducing the effect of telephone tag2) Minimizing time spent in telephone conversations3) Providing the ability to send and/or receive files4) Providing the ability to retain a permanent record of the communication5) Minimizing problems associated with geographic and time differences6) Reducing paper handling and associated costs (Hunt ; Vargo, 2000)The impact of business communications can not be understated. One senior executive states, Good communications are the lifeblood of any enterprise, large or small. Communications are essential to keep our entire organization functionin g at maximum levels and to make the most of our greatest management resource-our people (Blanchard, Hersey, ; Johnson, 1996, p. 338). Communication is not the only business activity WANs can significantly impact. Various marketing applications can be implemented using WANs. A reservation system is a good example of the way companies can market a seat on an airplane or a room in a hotel. The wide area network provides the link between the customer and the database that maintains up to the minute availability information. Customers can act as their own travel agent in the convenience of their own home or business. Companies can advertise and promote their services to a large segment of the market; the online market. Teleshopping is another area where marketing applications have experienced tremendous growth. Teleshopping, or electronic commerce (E-commerce) means shopping or conducting business electronically over WANs. Countless new companies have started that sell their products solely over the Internet. Many other established companies have started selling their products over the Internet in addition to their traditional locations. The concept is simple. Customers can browse the companys pro ducts over the Internet. If they find something they want, they can order it and pay with a credit card (also over the Internet). The company will ship the product(s) directly to the customers home or business. A customer never has to leave their home or place of business to conduct transactions. This capability attracts an entirely new market and revenue potential for companies. Similar financial services and applications are available. Use of WANs to conduct financial transactions is now commonplace in our society. We use automated teller machines (ATMs) every day to withdraw cash, transfer funds, and perform inquiries. Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is an essential capability WANs provide to the finance and banking industry. The ability to transfer funds electronically enables numerous business and personal transactions to be performed easily and virtually immediately. Buying products, paying bills, sending money to a friend or relative are just a few examples of EFT transactions. Hunt and Vargo say that without networks, financial services throughout the world would cease (1996). Another effective WAN application involves Point of Sale (POS) data. Networks are used to link sales registers at retail outlets to centralized databases that maintain inventory balances, product descriptions and prices, and other meaningful records. As sales transactions occur, the database is updated in real time to reflect those transactions. By maintaining current and historical data, companies can keep stock levels down, make better demand projections, and generate product and customer profiles (Hunt ; Vargo, 1996). This effective use of information management can be very important when significant decisions must be made. Most would agree WANs and associated applications are definitely impacting business today. Hedda Gabler Analysis EssayWANs can help organizations attain a competitive advantage, but nowadays, use of WANs is almost mandatory just to stay in business. The cost savings associated with communication, marketing, transactions, and other business activities make the use of WANs a must have in order to ensure efficient financial management and competitive in their respective industries. Hunt and Vargo state, A company in the travel industry cannot remain competitive without access to networks (1996, p. 41). This can be applied to other industries too. Again, JCPenneys entry in the Internet market gained a competitive advantage over their competitors that didnt, but they also maintained their competitiveness with those that did. To gain an understanding of the incredible growth and impact WANs are having on the economy, the following statistics and forecasts are provided: Americans online is expected to be 194 million (68%) in 2005, from 122 million (44%) in 2000 U.S. workers with Internet access at work is expected to be 85% in 2005, from 63% in 1999 U.S. business-to-business e-commerce will rise to $6.3 trillion in 2005, from $336 billion in 2000 U.S. consumer e-commerce is expected to rise to $269 billion in 2005, from $45 billion in 2000 E-commerce this holiday season is expected to rise to $11.6 billion, from $7 billion in 1999 Online small businesses with e-commerce are expected to be 49% in 2003, compared to 34% in 2000 E-commerce is expected to represent 4.4% of the U.S. gross domestic product by 2002 (Carr, 2000). As the statistics and forecasts show, WANs and associated applications will continue to grow and significantly impact our business and economic environments. To account for the expected growth and range of use, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) recently added seven new web address suffixes to the existing dot-com, dot-net, dot-org, dot-edu, dot-mil, and dot-gov. The new ones are dot-biz, dot-aero, dot-coop, dot-info, dot-name, dot-pro, and dot-museum (McDonald, 2000). Businesses can not ignore these trends. Use of WANs and e-commerce via the Internet is becoming the industry standard for companies to become and remain competitive. This essay attempted to provide a brief description of the impact of wide area networks on business. A definition of a WAN was provided and various business applications were described. Communication methods such as the telephone and email were addressed along with marketing and financial applications. Real world examples from the travel and retail industries were also discussed. We saw how WANs were utilized by an established company like JCPenney to maintain its competitiveness, and how a new company like VarsityBooks.com gained a competitive advantage and a piece of the college textbook market. Finally, we looked at the underlying concepts behind the success of WANs. Strategic leverage was explained and how it can result in gaining a competitive advantage and/or simply maintaining a companys competitiveness. The future of WANs is bright. A.J. Strickland III and Arthur A. Thompson, Jr. provide a succinct description of the current trend. They state,Internet entrepreneurs are currently leading a revolution to revamp the value chains for providing traditional mail services, providing all sorts of information to businesses and households, for conducting meetings via cameras and computers while the attendees sit at their desks in their offices, for providing long distance telephone services via the Internet, for shopping for goods and services, for trading stocks, and on and on. They are employing virtual value chains and exploiting the new economics of doing business in the marketspace of the World Wide Web and commercial on-line services (1999). Their choice of words seems accurate. We are employing virtual value chains, there are new economics of doing business in the marketspace, and we are experiencing a revolution. The statistics revealed earlier support this. The bottom line here regarding the Internet and WANs is that usage is becoming more prevalent and diverse every day, so you better gone on board or you will be left behind!Bibliography:ReferencesAquilano, Nicholas J., Chase, Richard B., Jacobs, F. Robert. (1998). Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and Services (Eighth Edition). Irwin/McGraw-HillBlakey, Elizabeth. (2000). Exclusive Interview: JCPenney.com. E-Commerce Times. November 19, 2000 http://www.ecommercetimes.com/success_stories/success-jcpenney.shtml Blanchard, Kenneth H., Hersey, Paul, Johnson, Dewey E. (1996). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources (Seventh Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Carr, Laura. (2000). 100 Numbers You Need to Know. TheStandard.com. November 19, 2000 http://www.thestandard.com/article/display/0,1151,20128,00.html Hunt, Ray, Vargo, John. (1996). Telecommunications in Business: Strategy and Application. Irwin/McGraw-HillMcDonald, Tim. (2000). New Internet Domain Names Approved. NewsFactor Network.. November 19, 2000 http://www.newsfactor.com/Strickland, A.J. III Thompson, Arthur J. Jr., (1999). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases (11th Edition). Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Wilner, Joshua. (2000). Small Business Success Story: VarsityBooks.com. E-Commerce Times. November 23, 2000 http://www.ecommercetimes.com/success_stories/success-varsitybooks.shtml

Design of Database Assignment

Questions: 1. Describe how the design of a database can affect data quality, integrity, and security. 2. Discuss the role of a data dictionary in ensuring both the quality of enterprise-wide data and data within a specific database application. 3. Explain the concept of data warehousing and its application to decision support. Answers: 1) The design of database can affect the data quality, integrity, and security in following ways-: 1) Data Quality As we all know that in any organization there are various objects that seems to be important from the designing point of view. However, the database designer studies the system properly and after that generates the overall design of the system. And the type of data he use to design the database affect the quality of database. And if the quality of data is used in the database design it helps in providing reliability to the data that helps the organization in decision making. 2) Integrity As in the good database design the designer use the concept of referential integrity which means referencing the data in terms of primary key and foreign key. And if this concept is used in designing it ultimately affect the data integrity of the system. suppose if there is some changes required in the same data used at various places in the database. Then with the help of integrity concepts the value of data get changed at every place. 3) Security If the database designer use the concept of permission in the database in order to provide permission for accessing the confidential data of the organization. So in this way design of the database affect the security of the system by providing permissions to particular user who have authority to access the data. 2) Role of a data dictionary in ensuring both the quality of enterprise-wide data and data within a specific database application are as follows. 1) Data dictionary is a term which is used for explaining the data about data, or in simple words we can say that metadata. Data dictionary explain the organizational data or each entity in the database which shows the quality of data the organization have. 2) As Data dictionary explains the each term in the database very clearly so it also helps any new database administrator to understand the database system fastly and also represent the organization the quality of data it have within the particular database application. 3) As the data dictionary expand the entity with its part. Then after viewing those part one can easily estimate the quality of data the database system of the organization have. And how effectively the database system helps in decision making. 3. Data warehousing Concept Data warehousing is a technique used to store the current and historical data of the organization in particular system of the organization. Data warehousing helps the organization in order to make comparison between the data of two different session. Data warehousing keeps all the details of the database. And after accessing the ware house it helps in presenting the details infront of organization in the forms of reports. And it also helps in making decision. The two main application of data warehousing towards decision support system are as-: 1) Data mining 2) Web mining References McHugh, J., Abiteboul, S., Goldman, R., Quass, D., Widom, J. (1997). Lore: A database management system for semistructured data. SIgMOD Record, 26(3), 54-66. Selinger, P. G., Astrahan, M. M., Chamberlin, D. D., Lorie, R. A., Price, T. G. (1979, May). Access path selection in a relational database management system. In Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (pp. 23-34). ACM. Stonebraker, M., Kemnitz, G. (1991). The POSTGRES next generation database management system. Communications of the ACM, 34(10), 78-92. Wakayama, S., Shimoi, T., Kobayashi, S., Munechika, H. (1999). U.S. Patent No. 5,920,869. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Women and Honor Summary Essay Example

Women and Honor Summary Paper Adrienne Rich’s essay Women and Honor: Some Notes on Lying focused on the â€Å"possibility of life† between individuals anchored in truth. To examine the difference between the personal relationships of women between women and of man created a backdrop of women’s fears in losing control over a relationship and isolation. It posed women to be vulnerable in using lies as an alternate reality. Lying is a scapegoat in concealing the harsh truth that requires lengthy explanations. Therefore, women are prone to committing the act of lying because it is with falsity that affirms women of their control in their own relationships and in their lives. Lies destroy the communication of the truth and the being. Lies embody us to a different person. It is every lie that makes the recognition of the truth and the self impossible. In effect, the deceptive feeling of a women’s power to control her relationships worsen the complicity of identifying and keeping in touch with the truth of who she is and her essence. On the contrary, lies, whether in words or in silence, rewarded a woman with a feeling of security and making things easier to deal with. The males became the women’s affirmation of their worth because the male are believed to be the speakers of the truths and facts. In fact, men only needed women to prove their manhood and to gratify their longing to hear what they want. Yet, women still continued to hide behind the veil of lies because of the social rejection when it comes to the deeper emotions involved between women. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Honor Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Honor Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Honor Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Women must face the truth in order to fill the emptiness and aloneness they feel. Only truth will give birth to the possibilities of honor, honesty, and trust between people. It is the beginning of the resolution to unravel the questions behind the complexity of being a woman. It is only with truth that love emerges and brings a deeper meaning in our life. Reference: Oates, Joyce Carol, and Robert Atwan. The Best American Essays of the Century. Boston: Mariner Books, 2001.

Biography of Simon Bolivar, Liberator of South America

Biography of Simon Bolivar, 'Liberator of South America' Simon Bolivar (July 24, 1783–December 17, 1830) was the greatest leader of Latin Americas independence movement from Spain. A superb general and a charismatic politician, he not only drove the Spanish from northern South America but also was instrumental in the early formative years of the republics that sprang up once the Spanish had gone. His later years are marked by the collapse of his grand dream of a united South America. He is remembered as The Liberator, the man who liberated his home from Spanish rule. Fast Facts: Simon Bolivar Known For: Liberating South America from Spanish rule during the Independence movementAlso Known As: Simà ³n Josà © Antonio de la Santà ­sima Trinidad Bolà ­var y Palacios, The LiberatorBorn: July 24, 1783 in Caracas, VenezuelaParents: Marà ­a de la Concepcià ³n Palacios y Blanco, Colonel  Don Juan Vicente Bolà ­var y PonteDied: December 17, 1830 in Santa Marta,  Gran Colombia  Education: Private tutoring; the military academy of the Milicias de Aragua in Venezuela; military academy in MadridAwards and Honors:  The nation of Bolivia is named for Bolivar, as are numerous cities, streets, and buildings. His birthday is a  public holiday in Venezuela  and Bolivia.Spouse:  Marà ­a Teresa Rodrà ­guez del Toro y AlaizaNotable Quote:  Fellow citizens! I blush to say this: Independence is the only benefit we have acquired, to the detriment of all the rest. Early Life Bolivar was born in Caracas (present-day Venezuela) in 1783 to an extremely wealthy creole family (Latin Americans descended almost entirely from European Spaniards). At that time, a handful of families owned most of the land in Venezuela, and the Bolivar family was among the wealthiest in the colony. Both of his parents died while Simon was still young: he had no memory of his father, Juan Vicente, and his mother Concepcion Palacios died when he was 9 years old. Orphaned, Simon went to live with his grandfather and was raised by his uncles and his nurse Hipà ³lita, for whom he had great affection. Young Simon was an arrogant, hyperactive lad who often had disagreements with his tutors. He was schooled at the finest schools that Caracas had to offer. From 1804 to 1807 he went to Europe, where he toured around in the manner of a wealthy New World Creole. Personal Life Bolà ­var was a natural leader and a man of great energy. He was very competitive, often challenging his officers to contests of swimming or horsemanship (and usually winning). He could stay up all night playing cards or drinking and  singing  with his men, who were fanatically loyal to him. Bolivar married once early in life, but his wife died shortly thereafter. From that point forward, he was a notorious womanizer who had dozens, if not hundreds, of lovers over the years. He cared greatly for appearances and loved nothing more than making grand entrances into cities he had liberated and could spend hours grooming himself; in fact, some claim he could use a whole bottle of cologne in one day. Venezuela: Ripe for Independence When Bolà ­var returned to Venezuela in 1807, he found a population divided between loyalty to Spain and a desire for independence. Venezuelan general Francisco de Miranda had attempted to kick-start independence in 1806 with an aborted invasion of Venezuelas northern coast. When Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808 and imprisoned King Ferdinand VII, many Venezuelans felt that they no longer owed allegiance to Spain, giving the independence movement  undeniable momentum. The First Venezuelan Republic On April 19, 1810, the people of Caracas declared provisional independence from Spain: they were still nominally loyal to King Ferdinand, but would rule Venezuela by themselves until such a time as Spain was back on its feet and Ferdinand restored. Young Simà ³n Bolà ­var was an important voice during this time, advocating for full independence. Along with a small delegation, Bolà ­var was dispatched to England to seek the support of the British government. There he met Miranda and invited him back to Venezuela to participate in the government of the young republic. When Bolivar returned, he found civil strife between patriots and royalists. On July 5, 1811, the First Venezuelan Republic voted for full independence, dropping the farce that they were still loyal to Ferdinand VII. On March 26, 1812, a tremendous earthquake rocked Venezuela. It hit mostly rebellious cities, and Spanish priests were able to convince a superstitious population that the earthquake was divine retribution. Royalist Captain Domingo Monteverde rallied the Spanish and royalist forces and captured important ports and the city of Valencia. Miranda sued for peace. Disgusted, Bolà ­var arrested Miranda and turned him over to the Spanish, but the First Republic had fallen and the Spanish regained control of Venezuela. The Admirable Campaign Bolivar was defeated and went into exile. In late 1812, he went to New Granada (now Colombia) to look for a commission as an officer in the growing Independence movement there. He was given 200 men and control of a remote outpost. He aggressively attacked all Spanish forces in the area, and his prestige and army grew. By the beginning of 1813, he was ready to lead a sizeable army into Venezuela. The royalists in Venezuela could not beat him head-on but rather tried to surround him with a number of smaller armies. Bolà ­var did what everyone least expected and made a mad dash for Caracas. The gamble paid off, and on August 7, 1813, Bolivar rode victoriously into Caracas at the head of his army. This dazzling march became known as the Admirable Campaign. The Second Venezuelan Republic Bolà ­var quickly established the Second Venezuelan Republic. The grateful people named him Liberator and made him dictator of the new nation.  Although Bolivar  had outfoxed the Spanish, he had not beaten their armies. He did not have time to govern, as he was constantly battling royalist forces. At the beginning of 1814, the infernal Legion, an army of savage Plainsmen led by a cruel but charismatic Spaniard named Tomas Boves, began assaulting the young republic. Defeated by Boves at the second Battle of La Puerta in June of 1814, Bolà ­var was forced to abandon first Valencia and then Caracas, thus ending the Second Republic. Bolà ­var went into exile once again. 1814 to 1819 The years of 1814 to 1819 were tough ones for Bolà ­var and South America. In 1815, he penned his famous Letter from Jamaica, which outlined the struggles of Independence to date. Widely disseminated, the letter reinforced his position as the most important leader of the Independence movement. When he returned to the mainland, he found Venezuela in the grip of chaos. Pro-independence leaders and royalist forces fought up and down the land, devastating the countryside. This period was marked by much strife among the different generals fighting for independence. It wasnt until Bolivar made an example of General  Manuel Piar  by executing him in October of 1817 that he was able to bring other Patriot warlords such as Santiago Marià ±o and Josà © Antonio Pez into line. 1819: Bolivar Crosses the Andes In early 1819, Venezuela was devastated, its cities in ruins, as royalists and patriots fought vicious battles wherever they met. Bolà ­var found himself pinned against the Andes in western Venezuela. He then realized that he was less than 300 miles away from the Viceregal capital of Bogota, which was practically undefended. If he could capture it, he could destroy the Spanish base of power in northern South America. The only problem: between him and Bogota were not only flooded plains, fetid swamps and raging rivers but the mighty, snow-capped peaks of the Andes Mountains. In May of 1819, he began the crossing with some 2,400 men. They  crossed the Andes  at the frigid Pramo de Pisba pass and on July 6, 1819, they finally reached the New Granadan village of Socha. His army was in tatters: some estimate that 2,000 may have perished en route. The Battle of Boyaca Despite his losses, in the summer of 1819 Bolivar had his army where he needed it. He also had the element of surprise. His enemies assumed he would never be so insane as to cross the Andes where he did. He quickly recruited new soldiers from a population eager for liberty and set out for Bogota. There was only one army between him and his objective, and on August 7, 1819, Bolivar surprised Spanish General Josà © Marà ­a Barreiro  on the banks of the Boyaca River. The battle was a triumph for Bolivar, shocking in its results: Bolà ­var lost 13 killed and some 50 were wounded, whereas 200 royalists were killed and some 1,600 were captured. On August 10, Bolivar marched into Bogota unopposed. Mopping up in Venezuela and New Granada With the defeat of Barreiros army, Bolà ­var held New Granada. With captured funds and weapons and recruits flocking to his banner, it was only a matter of time before the remaining Spanish forces in New Granada and Venezuela were run down and defeated. On June 24, 1821, Bolà ­var crushed the last major royalist force in Venezuela at the decisive Battle of Carabobo. Bolà ­var brashly declared the birth of a New Republic: Gran Colombia, which would include the lands of Venezuela, New  Granada,  and Ecuador. He was named president and  Francisco de Paula Santander  was named vice president. Northern South America was liberated, so Bolivar turned his gaze to the south. The Liberation of Ecuador Bolà ­var was bogged down by political duties, so he sent an army south under the command of his best general, Antonio Josà © de Sucre. Sucres army moved into present-day Ecuador, liberating towns and cities as it went. On May 24, 1822, Sucre squared off against the largest royalist force in Ecuador. They fought on the muddy slopes of Pichincha Volcano, within sight of Quito.  The Battle of Pichincha  was a great victory for Sucre and the Patriots, who forever drove the Spanish from Ecuador. The Liberation of Peru and the Creation of Bolivia Bolà ­var left Santander in charge of Gran Colombia and headed south to meet up with Sucre. On July 26-27, Bolivar met with  Josà © de San Martà ­n, liberator of Argentina, in Guayaquil. It was decided there that Bolà ­var would lead the charge into Peru, the last royalist stronghold on the continent. On August 6, 1824, Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish at  the Battle of Junin. On December 9, Sucre dealt the royalists another harsh blow at the Battle of Ayacucho, basically destroying the last royalist army in Peru. The next year, also on August 6, the Congress of Upper Peru created the nation of Bolivia, naming it after Bolivar and confirming him as president. Bolà ­var had driven the Spanish out of northern and western South America and now ruled over the present-day nations of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama. It was his dream to unite them all, creating one unified nation. It was not to be. Dissolution of Gran Colombia Santander had angered Bolivar by refusing to send troops and supplies during the liberation of Ecuador and Peru, and Bolivar dismissed him when he returned to Gran Colombia. By then, however, the republic was beginning to fall apart. Regional leaders had been consolidating their power in Bolivars absence. In Venezuela, Josà © Antonio Pez, a hero of Independence, constantly threatened secession. In Colombia, Santander still had his followers who felt that he was the best man to lead the nation. In Ecuador, Juan Josà © Flores was trying to pry the nation away from Gran Colombia. Bolà ­var was forced to seize power and accept dictatorship to control the unwieldy republic. The nations were divided among his supporters and his detractors: in the streets, people burned him in effigy as a tyrant. A civil war was a constant threat. His enemies tried to assassinate him on September 25, 1828, and nearly managed to do so: only the intervention of his lover,  Manuela Saenz, saved him. Death of Simon Bolivar As the Republic of Gran Colombia fell around him, his health deteriorated as his tuberculosis worsened. In April of 1830, Bolà ­var was disillusioned, ill, and bitter, and he resigned the presidency and set off to go into exile in Europe. Even as he left, his successors fought over the pieces of his empire and his allies fought to get him reinstated. As he and his entourage slowly made their way to the coast, he still dreamed of unifying South America into one great nation. It was not to be: he finally succumbed to tuberculosis on December 17, 1830. The Legacy of Simon Bolivar It is impossible to overstate Bolà ­vars importance in northern and western South America. Although the eventual independence of Spains New World colonies was inevitable, it took a man with Bolà ­vars skills to make it happen. Bolà ­var was probably the best general South America has ever produced, as well as the most influential politician. The combination of these skills on one man is extraordinary, and Bolà ­var is rightly considered by many as the most important figure in Latin American history. His name made the famous 1978 list of the 100 most famous people in history, compiled by Michael H. Hart. Other names on the list include Jesus Christ, Confucius, and  Alexander the Great. Some nations had their own liberators, such as Bernardo OHiggins in Chile or  Miguel Hidalgo  in Mexico. These men may be little known outside of the nations they helped free, but Simà ³n Bolà ­var is known all over Latin America with the sort of reverence that citizens of the United States associated with  George Washington. If anything, Bolà ­vars status now is greater than ever. His dreams and words have proved prescient time and again. He knew that the future of Latin America lay in freedom and he knew how to attain it. He predicted that if Gran Colombia fell apart and that if smaller, weaker republics were allowed to form from the ashes of the Spanish colonial system, the region would always be at an international disadvantage. This has certainly proven to be the case, and many a Latin American over the years has wondered how things would be different today if Bolà ­var had managed to unite all of northern and western South America into one large, powerful nation instead of the bickering republics that we have now. Bolà ­var still serves as a source of inspiration for many. Former Venezuelan dictator  Hugo Chavez  initiated what he called a Bolivarian Revolution in his country in 1999, comparing himself to the legendary general as he tried to veer Venezuela into socialism. Countless books and movies have been made about him: one outstanding example is Gabriel Garcà ­a Marquezs The General in His Labyrinth, which chronicles Bolà ­vars final journey. Sources Harvey, Robert.  Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence  Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000.Lynch, John.  The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826  New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.Lynch, John.  Simon Bolivar: A Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006.Scheina, Robert L.  Latin Americas Wars, Volume 1: The Age of the Caudillo 1791-1899  Washington, D.C.: Brasseys Inc., 2003.

Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identity Theft - Essay Example It has become necessary for people to be adequately educated about the risks involved and the necessary preventive measures. Identity theft is a crime in which an imposter tries to pretend to be someone else by means of using some key identification data of the victim. This may include social security numbers, credit card numbers etc. When communicating online it becomes even easier to appear to be someone else since the communication is not face to face but online and the distance between the two persons or parties gives advantage to the criminal. The crime may be committed to seek monetary or social or any other form of benefit. Recovery from an identity theft may be easier in certain cases of small thefts involving individuals but it may become very grave if reputed organizations are victimized and they end up spending large sums in repairing the damage caused to their goodwill (World Privacy Forum, 2012). The crime is very diversified and innovated in the present day. The old-fas hioned methods of rummaging through the rubbish bins or picking pockets have been replaced by software, viruses and programming scripts. Computer viruses have proved to be efficient ways of committing identity theft in which all possible identity material of any person or organization may be extracted and put to use in another part of the world and the victim remains oblivious to such activities. Identity theft may range from simply posing to be someone else to more lethal actions such as financial identity theft, child identity theft, medical identity theft to seek medical care or drugs while pretending to be someone else or identity cloning in which the criminal assumes the complete identity of a victim in daily life (Compton, 2012). The identity thieves operating online usually work by tricking you into providing your personal information to them through various methods such as phishing, luring with job opportunities, money scams or fake fraud alerts. Phishing involves an email s ent to a victim which redirects him to a fake website where you are required to fill up a signup form with your personal information. Similarly job opportunity forms are sent and personal information is extracted. Fake fraud alert emails are sent which seem to be legitimate mail from the victim's bank. The victim is informed that someone has tried to fraudulently access his account so he must send certain personal information for verification (Federal Trade Commission, 2006) Today the society is very susceptible to falling for such tricks of criminals since the spoofed websites developed by criminals are so similar to the original ones that an average person cannot identify and differentiate between the real and fake. A simple change of address form may be filled up by someone and the utility bills of the victim will end up somewhere else resulting in nonpayment of a charge and a bad credit report. Furthermore, the personal data commonly available on social networking websites may b e used by criminals to communicate with a victim's contacts and seek financial benefits while pretending to be him. An ATM or a credit/debit card may be duplicated and money drawn from a victim's account. Thus it is clear that every individual and organization must educate itself and others about the seriousness of the implications this crime can have. To address the crimes of identity theft, all countries and states